Developmental stages.

Week 7 Christina Sierradiv style #button { background-color: #F05A1A; border: 5px; border-radius: 5px; color: white; padding: 5px 5px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; font-size: 13px; margin: 4px 2px; cursor: pointer; } /style div class=’alert alert-success’ h3Save your time – order a paper!/h3 p style=’font-size: 16px;’Get your paper written from scratch within the tight deadline. Our service is a reliable solution to all your troubles. Place an order on any task and we will take care of it. You won’t have to worry about the quality and deadlines a href=’/order’ id=’button’Order Paper Now/a /div/div 1 Subjects Developmental Management in Pediatric Primary Care Developmental Management of Infants Developmental Management of Early Childhood Developmental Management of School Age Children Developmental Management of Adolescents 2 Developmental Management in Pediatric Primary Care Assessing development Height weight head circumference Interviewing parents Knowing appropriate milestones Educating families on normal vs abnormal Educating on developmental expectations We all grow at different rates so never compare yourself to someone else’s situation, doing so, can only bring disappointment. – Massy Arias 3 Growth Chart In child development nothing is set in stone. There is a grey area in timing. Development has a variation in time- it maybe a few weeks or months. Developmental Management of Infants Birth to one month: Babies lose 5-8% of body weight in their first few days and then regain within 10-14 days They should gain about 2 lbs per month Nutritional needs should meet 110 kcal/kg/day Sleep about 16 hours Sucking, rooting, tonic neck, moro, grasp- present and symmetric Moving hand to mouth, sucking, or grasp clothing- self console May turn to parents voice Visual space is about 8 -12 in from face, vision is foggy Hearing and smell is developed- but especially smell Four ways of being awake: 1. Drowsy 2. Quiet but alert 3. Crying 4. Alert and active What does a baby’s cry mean? Normal Hunger- rhythmic intense They want to be cuddled-slow, low tone Pain- high pitch screetchy Tired- slow rhythmic, intensifies Cries should be distinctive and vary on needs or feels. This begins articulation What does a baby’s cry mean? Usually colics Crying for over 30 minutes even after being fed, cleaned, consoled. High-pitched, shrieking Abnormal central nervous system Cornelia de Lange syndrome – like a bleating lamb Cri-du-chat syndrome- like a cat Cerebral irritability (i.e. meningitis, hydrocephalus, kernicterus) Malnutrition especially marasmus Grunting Pneumonia Sepsis Hoarseness Hypothyroidism Trauma to the hypopharynx Vocal cord paralysis Muffled Epiglottis Stridorous Foreign body Infection – abscesses, croup, epiglottitis Laryngeal abnormalities Oropharynx abnormalities Tracheal abnormalities Neoplasm Weak or whimperyMuscle weakness Muscular dystrophy Myasthenia gravis Infection 1 month to 3 months Growth in height is approximately 1.4in per month Growth in head circumference is approximately 0.8 in Weight gain is approximately 420 g= about 1 lb a month Growth spurts are expected and baby will eat more in a quicker time frame Baby becomes more routined with sleeping, passing stool and eating schedule Body movement is symmetric Attempts to grasp objects Cooing and babbling should be expected Response to conversations- acknowledgment, turning head, focused with communication with body language They may show smiles, imitation, tracking objects By two months you should expect to see: Social and Emotional Begins to smile at people Can briefly calm herself (may bring hands to mouth and suck on hand) Tries to look at parent Language/Communication Coos, makes gurgling sounds Turns head toward sounds Baby raising head and chest when lying on stomach Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem-solving) Pays attention to faces Begins to follow things with eyes and recognize people at a distance Begins to act bored (cries, fussy) if activity doesn’t change Movement/Physical Development Can hold head up and begins to push up when lying on tummy Makes smoother movements with arms and legs 4 months to 5 months Sleep approximately 12 hours and through the night By 5 months baby DOUBLE BIRTH weight Weight gain, height and head circumference growth slows down Begin to grab objects, hold bottles You now see the Landau reflex Baby rolls Tummy time is important- they should start to see slight holding of the head while on their belly Beginning to show signs of progression to sit You may begin Landau’s Reflex Begins at 3-4 months Seen until 12-24 months Lay prone supported in air You want to see the “superman” Is your baby ready for solids? At 4 months you can introduce solids such as cereals. `Can your baby hold his or her head in a steady, upright position? Can your baby sit with support? Is your baby mouthing his or her hands or toys? Is your baby showing a desire for food by leaning forward and opening his or her mouth? Foods are introduced one at a time for three days straight to assure there are no food allergies 6 months to 8 months Teething symptoms begin Crawling begins, infant may stand, scooting, sitting longer Rake and pincer grasp, transfer ball to ball, reach and grab, pointing, tugging throwing Led weaning begins at this time Single sound- oh, ah, da, ba, ma. Cooing and babbling Imitation of sounds such as coughing They learn parents tone and can understand no Social play, separation anxiety Cause and effect- gravity, peek a boo 9 months to 12 months Bowel and bladder are more regular Food preferences with structured meals- breakfast snacks lunch snack dinner Hold cups and sips They should put objects in box, stack objects, Add a Slide Title – 4 Resource through the CDC Developmental check list figure class=’wp-block-embed’div class=’wp-block-embed__wrapper’ https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/pdf/checklists/Checklists-with-Tips_Reader_508.pdf /div/figure References American Academy of Pediatrics, healthychildren.org website. Responding to your baby’s cries. www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/Pages/Responding-to-Your-Babys-Cries.aspx. Updated November 21, 2015. Accessed November 20, 2018. Pomeranz AJ, Sabnis S, Busey SL, Kliegman RM. Irritable infant (fussy or excessively crying infant). In: Pomeranz AJ, Sabnis S, Busey SL, Kliegman RM, eds. Pediatric Decision-Making Strategies. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 79. Illingworth RS. Common Symptoms of Disease in Children. Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford. 1988:296. Jonathan Juett, and Benjamin Kuipers, “Learning to reach by building a representation of peri-personal space,” 2016 IEEE-RAS 16th International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids), pp. 1141–1148, .